• Manuscripts should be submitted electronically in a format compatible with Microsoft Word.
• PDF files are permitted when the manuscript contains non-standard characters that cannot be reliably displayed in Word.
• Manuscripts, including the abstract and keywords, and excluding references, should not exceed 9,000 words.
• Authors are required to submit the title page as a separate file. The title page must include the article title, the author’s name, institutional affiliation, and professional position. Authors may also optionally provide their ORCID ID and a brief biographical statement.
• The manuscript should be formatted in Times New Roman, 12-point font (11-point for block quotes), and double-spaced throughout.
• Margins should be set to 1 inch (2.54cm) on all sides.
2. Language
• Manuscripts must be written in clear, fluent English and should not require additional language editing.
3. Abstract
• Each submission must include an abstract of 150-200 words placed at the beginning of the manuscript.
• The abstract should outline the research objectives, methodology/approach, key findings, and scholarly significance.
• Optionally, authors can include research limitations/implications, practical implications, and social implications.
4. Keywords
• Manuscripts should include up to five concise, relevant keywords that reflect the main themes of the paper.
5. Typescript Text
Sections
• Use major section headings and subsection headings to organize the manuscript clearly.
Major Section Headings (Primary Level)
• Major section headings denote the primary chapters or divisions of the manuscript (e.g., 1. INTRODUCTION). These headings must adhere to the following formatting requirements:
• Alignment: Centered.
• Typography: 14-point bold font using Small Caps.
• Capitalization: Title Case (e.g., 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND).
• Numbering: The section number must be followed by a full point and an EN space.
subsection Headings (Secondary Level)
• Subsections address specific topics within a major section. These headings must adhere to the following formatting requirements:
• Alignment: Flush-left.
• Typography: 14-point standard bold font.
• Capitalization: Title Case (e.g., 2.1 Theoretical Background).
• Numbering: The subsection number should not be followed by a full point.
Paragraphs
• There should be no line spaces between paragraphs.
Spelling
• Use the system which you are most accustomed to using but be consistent.
Quotations
• Extended quotations should be presented in a smaller font size, aligned flush left, and consisting of a minimum of five lines. Quotation marks should not be used for block quotations.
• For short quotations incorporated into the text, single quotation marks should be used, with double quotation marks reserved for quotations within quotations.
• For quoted passages in non-Latin scripts, authors must provide the original text and a Romanized version.
Punctuation
• Endnote cues should consistently follow punctuation. Initials should be followed by a full point and space (e.g., E.M. Smith).
• No full point should be used after titles such as Dr, Mrs, Ms, or Mr.
Computer Programs
• A brief description of the syntactic rules governing lines of program code to be typeset and embedded within the text should be provided. Alternatively, program code may be presented as figures, in which case authors should submit camera-ready copies of the figures together with the manuscript.
• Names of computer programs should be presented in capital letters or in another consistently applied style.
6. Figures and Tables
Table Representation Standards
• Formatting and Layout
• Vertical Lines: The use of vertical lines is prohibited. Column separation should be managed through alignment and white space.
• Horizontal Lines: Tables must utilize a minimalist horizontal structure consisting of:
• A top rule above the column headings.
• A header rule below the column headings.
• A bottom rule at the base of the table.
• Font: 11-point
• Titles and Citations
• Numbering and Title: Tables must be numbered sequentially (e.g., Table 1). A descriptive title in italics must appear directly below the table number.
• Placement: Position tables immediately following their first mention in the text.
• Notes: All abbreviations and source citations must be included in a "Note" section directly below the bottom rule.
• Font: 12-point
Figure Representation Standards
• Formatting and Layout
• All figures must be (1) uploaded as separate files (e.g., .pdf or .png) and (2) embedded in the manuscript for review.
• Resolution: Figures must be submitted as high-resolution files (minimum 300 dpi for photographs; 600–1200 dpi for line art or charts).
• Legibility: All text within figures must be clear and appropriately sized (8–12 point font) to remain readable upon scaling.
• Titles and Citations
• Numbering and citing: All illustrations (including maps, graphs, and other images) are referred to as “figures,” should be numbered consecutively, and must be clearly cited in the text (e.g., see Figure 1).
• Placement: Figures should appear as soon as possible after their first mention in the text.
• Caption: A concise descriptive caption must follow the figure number. Unlike tables, figure captions are placed below the image.
• Permissions and Citations
• Originality: Authors are responsible for ensuring that all figures are original or that they have obtained the necessary copyright permissions for reproduction.
• Attribution: Any figure adapted or reprinted from another source must include a full credit line in the caption (e.g., Source: Author Name, Year).
7. References
• All references should be provided in endnotes and follow the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).
• In-text references should follow the author-date system in Chapter 15 of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).
• Sources in other languages should be Romanized.
8. Supplementary Files
• Authors may submit supplementary materials (e.g., data, appendices, or media files) provided they are directly relevant to the research.
